Law Notes Hub: BALLB Lecture Notes

INTRODUCTION  Human beings are born equal in dignity and rights. These are moral claims which are inalienable and inherent in all individuals by virtue of their humanity alone, irrespective of caste, colour, creed, and place of birth, sex, cultural difference or any other consideration. These claims are articulated and formulated in what is today known as human rights. Human rights are sometimes referred to as fundamental rights, basic rights, inherent rights, natural rights and birth rights. Thus, there is universal acceptance of human rights in principle in domestic and international plane. Human rights are exemptions from the operation of arbitrary power. An individual can seek human rights only in an organized community, i.e., a State, or in other words, where the civil social order exists. No one can imagine to invoke them in a state of anarchy where there is hardly any just power to which a citizen can appeal against the violations of rights. Thus, the principle of...